Unlike 'static' wind resource atlases which average estimates of wind speed and power density across multiple years, tools such as Renewables.ninja provide time-varying simulations of wind speed and power output from different wind turbine models at an hourly resolution. The Global Wind Atlas provided by the Technical University of Denmark in partnership with the World Bank provides a global assessment of wind power potential. Through wind resource assessment, it is possible to estimate wind power potential globally, by country or region, or for a specific site. The process is responsible for the production of wind kinetic energy at a rate of 2.46 W/m 2 thus sustaining the circulation of the atmosphere against friction. The atmosphere acts as a thermal engine, absorbing heat at higher temperatures, releasing heat at lower temperatures. The global wind kinetic energy averaged approximately 1.50 MJ/m 2 over the period from 1979 to 2010, 1.31 MJ/m 2 in the Northern Hemisphere with 1.70 MJ/m 2 in the Southern Hemisphere. Change of wind speed by a factor of 2.1544 increases the wind power by one order of magnitude (multiply by 10). Wind power is thus proportional to the third power of the wind speed the available power increases eightfold when the wind speed doubles. In a unit of time, say 1 second, the volume of air that had passed an area A A is A v. Wind is air movement in the earth's atmosphere. Global map of wind power density potential The histogram shows measured data, while the curve is the Rayleigh model distribution for the same average wind speed. Distribution of wind speed (red) and energy (blue) for all of 2002 at the Lee Ranch facility in Colorado. Wind energy resources Global map of wind speed at 100 meters on land and around coasts. For this reason, combinations of wind and solar power are suitable in many countries. In most regions, wind power generation is higher in nighttime, and in winter when PV output is low. Regions in the higher northern and southern latitudes have the highest potential for wind power. In many locations, new onshore wind farms are cheaper than new coal or gas plants. Wind power is one of the lowest-cost electricity sources per unit of energy produced. Offshore wind power currently has a share of about 10% of new installations. Wind farms sited offshore have less visual impact and have higher capacity factors, although they are generally more expensive. Land-based (onshore) wind farms have a greater visual impact on the landscape than most other power stations per energy produced. Wind power is variable, so it needs energy storage or other dispatchable generation energy sources to attain a reliable supply of electricity. Wind power is considered a sustainable, renewable energy source, and has a much smaller impact on the environment compared to burning fossil fuels. To help meet the Paris Agreement goals to limit climate change, analysts say it should expand much faster - by over 1% of electricity generation per year. With about 100 GW added during 2021, mostly in China and the United States, global installed wind power capacity exceeded 800 GW. In 2022, wind supplied over 2000 TWh of electricity, which was over 7% of world electricity : 58 and about 2% of world energy. Today, wind power is generated almost completely with wind turbines, generally grouped into wind farms and connected to the electrical grid. This article deals only with wind power for electricity generation. Historically, wind power was used by sails, windmills and windpumps, but today it is mostly used to generate electricity. Wind power is the use of wind energy to generate useful work.
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